Cấu trúc Enough trong tiếng Anh và cách sử dụng

I. Định nghĩa Cấu trúc Enough

Enough trong tiếng Anh có nghĩa là “đủ”. Tuy nhiên, đôi khi trong một số trường hợp, “enough” lại dùng để ám chỉ số lượng hoặc kích cỡ của một vật vừa phải hoặc thích hợp. Tùy vào hoàn cảnh mà “enough” mang nghĩa khác nhau.

Vị trí của enough trong câu:

• Đứng sau tính từ và trạng từ
• Đứng trước danh từ

→ Enough sẽ có những cách dùng khác nhau tương ứng với mỗi vị trí.

Ví dụ:

• I don’t have enough money to pay for this meal.
  (Tôi không có đủ tiền để trả bữa này.)
• My mom is strong enough to raise 4 children all by herself.
  (Mẹ tôi đủ mạnh mẽ để tự mình nuôi 4 đứa con.)

II. Cấu trúc Enough và cách sử dụng

Tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh và vị trí mà enough mang nghĩa khác nhau và có cách dùng khác nhau. Cùng tìm hiểu cụ thể các trường hợp Cấu trúc Enough và các dùng của chúng ngay dưới đây nhé:

1. Cấu trúc Enough với tính từ

Cấu trúc Enough được sử dụng sau tính từ kết hợp với nó, đi theo sau là động từ nguyên thể có “to”

S + tobe (not) + adj + enough + (for sbd) + to V

Ví dụ:

• My sister is qualified enough to become a university lecturer. 
  (Chị tôi đủ tiêu chuẩn để trở thành giảng viên đại học.)
• Our house is not big enough to throw a party. 
  (Nhà mình không đủ rộng để tổ chức tiệc đâu.)

2. Cấu trúc Enough với danh từ

S + V + enough + Noun (danh từ) + (for s.o/ s.th) + to V

Ví dụ:

• The boy did not have enough time to complete the test. 
  (Thằng bé không đủ thời gian để làm xong bài thi.)
• My house doesn’t have enough room for 10 people. 
  (Nhà tớ không đủ chỗ cho 10 người đâu.)

3. Cấu trúc Enough với trạng từ

Trong cấu trúc Enough với trạng từ thì enough đứng sau trạng từ, theo sau đó là động từ nguyên thể có “to”

S + V + Adj (trạng từ) + enough + (for s.o/ s.th) + to V

Ví dụ:

• He ran fast enough to take the last train. 
  (Anh ấy chạy đủ nhanh để bắt kịp chuyến tàu cuối cùng.)
• You need to eat slowly enough for the food to be fully digested. 
  (Bạn phải ăn đủ chậm để thức ăn được tiêu hoá hết.)

III. Một số lưu ý khi dùng Cấu trúc Enough

Khi sử dụng Enough để nối câu, có một số quy tắc bạn cần phải nắm vững dưới đây:

Quy tắc 1: Nếu như trước tính từ, trạng từ trong câu có các trạng từ: too, so, very, quite, extremely…hoặc trước danh từ có much, many, a lot of, lots of → lược bỏ những từ đó đi rồi mới sử dụng “enough”

Ví dụ:

• He is very intelligent. He can become the winner of the competition.
  →  He is intelligent enough to become the winner of the competition. 
  (Anh ấy đủ thông minh để trở thành người chiến thắng cuộc thi.)

• I run so fast. I can be on time for the bus
  → I run fast enough to be on time for the bus. 
  (Tôi chạy đủ nhanh để đến kịp chuyến xe buýt.)

Quy tắc 2: Khi nối câu bằng Cấu trúc Enough, nếu chủ ngữ ở hai câu giống nhau thì lược bỏ đi “for s.o”. Tuy nhiên nếu chủ ngữ câu sau có ý chung chung ta cũng có thể lược bỏ.

Ví dụ:

• The weather is very nice for us. We can travel on it.
  → The weather is nice enough (for us) to travel on it.
  (Thời tiết đủ đẹp để đi du lịch trên đó.). 
• He is short. He can’t take that book on shelf
  → He isn’t tall enough to take that book on shelf.
  (Anh ấy không đủ cao để lấy cuốn sách trên kệ.)

Trường hợp này chủ thể không xác định rõ là ai, hoặc 2 câu có chung một chủ thể là “We” nên có thể lược “for us”. 

Quy tắc 3: Khi sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough để nối câu, nếu chủ ngữ của câu thứ nhất trùng và tân ngữ của câu 2 (là một) thì khi nối hai câu ta loại bỏ phần tân ngữ của câu sau.

Ví dụ:

• The test is very easy. I can do it.
  → The test is easy enough for me to do easily. 
  (Bài kiểm tra đủ dễ để tôi làm được.) 
• The water is quite cold. I can’t drink it.
  → The water isn’t warm enough for me to drink.
  (Nước không đủ ấm để tôi uống.)

→ Ở đây tân ngữ “it” bị lược bỏ vì nó trùng với chủ ngữ “the test” ở phía trước.

Xem thêm: Phân biệt Cấu trúc Enough và Cấu trúc So that, Such that, Too to

IV. Bài tập ứng dụng Cấu trúc Enough

Các bạn đã cùng Học IELTS điểm qua những kiến thức cơ bản và quan trọng về Cấu trúc Enough. Bây giờ hãy bắt tay vào làm những bài tập ứng dụng Cấu trúc Enough dưới đây nhé!

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với cấu trúc Enough

1. The water is quite cold. I can’t drink it.
2. Homework is very easy. I can do it.
3. Tom is tall. He is the tallest in his class
4. He is rich. He can buy the car
5. I don’t have much money. I can’t buy this dress.

Bài tập 2: Sử dụng cấu trúc Enough + tính từ cho trước để hoàn thành câu

Adjectives: big, old, warm, well Nouns: cups, milk, money, qualifications, time, room

1. She shouldn’t get married. She’s not …………………..
2. I’d like to buy a car but I haven’t got …………………..
3. Have you got ………………….. in your tea or would you like some more?
4. Are you ………………….. ? Or shall I swish on the heating?
5. It’s only a small car. There isn’t ………………….. for all of you.
6. Steve didn’t feel ………………….. to go to work this morning.
7. I didn’t answer all the questions in the exam. I didn’t have …………………..
8. Do you think I’ve got ………………………………………. to apply for the job?
9. Try this jacket on to see if it’s ………………….. for you.
10. There weren’t ………………….. for everybody to have coffee at the same time.

Bài tập 3: Sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough + danh từ cho trước để hoàn thành các câu sau

warm, time, fast, long, money, information, tall, people

1. I can’t give you an answer because I don’t have …………………………………..
2. I couldn’t run …………………..
3. The ladder wasn’t ………………….. to reach the window.
4. There aren’t ………………….. to make a club of stamps collectors.
5. Do you have ………………….. to buy her a present?
6. The pants weren’t ………………….. to fit my brother.
7. The weather isn’t ………………….. for us to go swimming.
8. Did you have ………………….. to answer all the questions in the test?

Bài tập 4: Nối 2 câu đơn thành 1 câu ghép sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough

1. The moon is bright. I can read a book by it.
2. I have enough money. I can pay this bill.
3. These rubber trees are big. They can give us milky liquid.
4. This novel is interesting. We can read it.
5. This kind of rubber is good. We can use it to make tires for cars.
6. We think you are very strong. You can lift this table.
7. He has no time. He can’t finish this work.
8. My friend is quite well. She can work again.
9. There isn’t enough time. The pupils can’t write this essay.
10. She doesn’t explain this exercise clearly. Her pupils can’t do it.

Bài tập 5: Nối những câu đơn thành câu ghép sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough

1. She’s not old. She can’t get married yet.
2. This coat isn’t strong. I can’t wear it in winter.
3. That chair isn’t strong. We can’t stand on that chair.
4. Are you very tall? Can you reach the top shelf?
5. It’s not warm today. We can’t go outside.
6. I’m not strong. I can’t lift this box.
7. Tom doesn’t have money. He can’t pay his bills.
8. This bed isn’t wide. Two people can’t sleep in the bed.
9. The water wasn’t clean. We couldn’t swim in it.
10. He wasn’t experienced. He can’t do that job.
11. I don’t have money. I can’t lend you some.
12. He is hungry. He can eat 3 sandwiches.
13. Peter isn’t tired. He can’t stay at home alone.
14. This seat isn’t wide. We can’t sit on it.
15. Susan isn’t old. She can’t stay at home alone.
16. That box is light. She can lift it.
17. I didn’t have time. I can eat breakfast this morning.
18. This shirt is big. He can wear it.
19. Mary doesn’t have money. She can’t buy a new bicycle.
20. It’s warm tonight. We can go out.

Bài tập 6: Hoàn thành câu trả lời cho những câu hỏi sau bằng cách sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough hoặc Too

1. Are they going to get married?
   → (old) No, they’re not ……………………………..
2. I need to talk to you about something.
   → (busy) Well, I’m afraid I’m ……………………. to you now.
3. Let’s go to the cinema.
   → (late) No, it’s ………………………. to the cinema.
4. Why don’t we sit outside?
   → (warm) It’s not …………………….. outside.
5. Would you like to be a politician?
   → (shy) No, I’m ……………………… a politician.
6. Would you like to be a teacher?
   → (patience) No, I haven’t got …………………….. a teacher.
7. Did you hear what he was saying?
   → (far away) No, we were ……………………… what he was saying.
8. Can he read a newspaper in English.
   → (English) No, he doesn’t know ………………………. a newspaper.

Bài tập 7: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống

1. It was _____ so we didn’t get it.
   A/ expensive enough
   B/ too expensive
   C/ enough expensive

2. It’s ___ to read; I don’t understand it at all.
   A/ enough difficult
   B/ too difficult
   C/ difficult enough

3. They didn’t sell _____ to make it worthwhile.
   A/ tickets enough
   B/ enough tickets
   C/ too tickets

4. There were _____ people there.
   A/ too
   B/ too many
   C/ too much

5. It’s not ____ to sort things out.
   A/ enough late
   B/ late enough
   C/ too late

6. – It’s ____ to pass.
   A/ enough difficult
   B/ too difficult
   C/ too much difficult

7. I left because I’d had ______ their arguing.
   A/ enough
   B/ enough of
   C/ too

8. He ate ____ and felt ill.
   A/ enough much
   B/ much enough
   C/ too much

9. I’m shattered; I didn’t ____ last night.
   A/ enough sleep
   B/ sleep enough
   C/ too sleep

10. It’s ____ to walk- I’ll take the bus.
    A/ enough far
    B/ far enough
    C/ too far

Bài tập 8: Sử dụng Cấu trúc Enough hoặc Too để hoàn thành câu

1. (tall) He wasn’t ………….. to become a flight attendant.
2. (busy) I’m afraid I’m …………. to talk you now.
3. (good) The paper isn’t …………..
4. (patience) I haven’t got …………. to be a teacher.
5. (late) It’s 10 pm. It’s …………. to the cinema.
6. (enough) She couldn’t run …………. to catch the bus.
7. (warm) It’s not …………. to go out.
8. (chairs) We don’t have …………. for all students here.
9. (busy) She’s …………. trying to come up in our party tonight.
10. (people) We have …………. to form three groups.
11. (young) Jim is …………. to drive motorcycle.
12. No more workouts. That’s …………. for today.
13. (flour) There isn’t …………. to make fifty loads of bread.
14. (far away) We were …………. to heard what he was saying.
15. (dark) The forest is …………. that he can’t see anything.
16. (English) He doesn’t know …………. to talk to foreigner.
17. (food and drink) There was …………. for about twenty people.
18. (hot) The tea is …………. for me to drink.
19. (big) Is this box …………. for all those things?
20. (shy) I’m …………. to talk to him.

Đáp án bài tập với Cấu trúc Enough

Đáp án bài tập 1

1.  The water isn’t warm enough for me to drink.
2. Homework is easy enough for him to do.
3. Tom is tall enough to be the tallest in his class.
4. He is rich enough to buy the car.
5. I don’t have enough money to buy this dress.

Đáp án bài tập 2

1. old enough
2. enough money
3. enough milk
4. warm enough
5. enough room
6. well enough
7. enough time
8. enough qualifications
9. big enough
10. enough cups

Đáp án bài tập 3

1. enough information
2. fast enough
3. tall enough
4. enough people
5. enough money
6. long enough
7. warm enough
8. enough time

Đáp án bài tập 4

1. The moon is bright enough for me to read a book.
2. I have enough money to pay this bill.
3. These rubber trees are big enough for us to give milky liquid.
4. This novel is interesting enough to read.
5. This kind of rubber is good enough for us to make tires for cars.
6. We think you are strong enough to lift this table.
7. He has not enough time to finish this work.
8. My friend is well enough to work again.
9. There isn’t enough time for pupils to write this essay.
10. She doesn’t explain this exercise clearly enough for her pupils do.

Đáp án bài tập 5

1. She is not old enough to get married.
2. This coat isn’t strong enough to wear in winter.
3. That chair isn’t strong enough for us to stand on.
4. Are you tall enough to reach the top shelf?
5. It is not warm enough for us to go outside.
6. I am not strong enough to lift this box.
7. Tom doesn’t have enough money to pay his bills.
8. This bed is not wide enough for two people to sleep in.
9. The water wasn’t clean enough for us to swim.
10. He wasn’t experienced enough to do that job.
11. I don’t have enough money to lend you some.
12. He is hungry enough to eat 3 sandwiches.
13. Peter isn’t tired enough to stay at home alone.
14. This seat isn’t wide enough for us to sit on.
15. Susan isn’t old enough to stay at home alone.
16. The box is light enough for her to lift.
17. I didn’t have enough time to eat breakfast this morning.
18. This shirt is big enough for him to wear.
19. Mary doesn’t have enough money to buy a new bicycle.
20. It’s warm enough to go out.

Đáp án bài tập 6

1. old enough to get married.
2. too busy to talk
3. too late to go
4. warm enough to sit
5. too shy to be
6. enough patience to be
7. too far away to hear
8. enough English to read

Đáp án bài tập 7

1. too expensive
2. too difficult
3. enough tickets
4. too many
5. too late
6. too difficult
7. enough of
8. too much
9. sleep enough
10. too far

Đáp án bài tập 8

1. He wasn’t tall enough to become a flight attendant.
2. I’m afraid I’m too busy to talk you now.
3. The paper isn’t good enough.
4. I haven’t got enough patience to be a teacher.
5. It’s 10 pm. It’s too late to the cinema.
6. She couldn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.
7. It’s not warm enough to go out.
8. We don’t have enough chairs for all students here.
9. She’s too busy trying to come up to our party tonight.
10. We have enough people to form three groups.
11. Jim is too young to drive a motorcycle.
12. No more workouts. That’s enough for today.
13. There isn’t enough flour to make fifty loads of bread.
14. We were too far away to heard what he was saying.
15. The forest is too dark that he can’t see anything.
16. He doesn’t know enough English to talk to a foreigner.
17. There was enough food and drink for about twenty people.
18. The tea is too hot for me to drink.
19. Is this box big enough for all those things?
20. I’m too shy to talk to him.

Bài viết đã cung cấp cho bạn toàn bộ những kiến thức về Cấu trúc Enough. Bên cạnh đó là những dạng bài tập ứng dụng cấu trúc Enough để bạn luyện tập. Hy vọng với bài viết này, các bạn đã nắm rõ cách sử dụng của Cấu trúc Enough và áp dụng thành công trong các kì thi sắp tới.

Chúc bạn học tập và ôn luyện thật tốt!